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902.8 Bicycle Signals (MUTCD Chapter 4H): Difference between revisions

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==902.8.1 Application of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals and Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4G.01)==
=={{SpanID|902.8.1}}902.8.1 Use of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.01)==


'''Support.''' An emergency-vehicle traffic control signal is a special traffic control signal that assigns the right of way to an authorized emergency vehicle.
'''Guidance. '''Bicycle signals are not currently used on MoDOT facilities. When considering the use of bicycle signals the Highway Safety and Traffic Division should be contacted for guidance.


'''Standard.''' Consideration for the installation of an emergency vehicle signal is only given when an emergency vehicle facility is located on a state highway and the emergency vehicle, upon leaving the facility, enters directly onto that highway.
'''Option. '''A bicycle signal face may be used to provide separate control of a bicyclist movement for various situations, including the following:
:A. To provide a protected bicycle signal phase or a leading or lagging bicycle interval;
:B. To continue a through bicycle lane on the right-hand side of a mandatory right-turn lane (or on the left-hand side of a mandatory left-turn lane) that would otherwise be in non-compliance with Paragraph 1 of  [[--|Section 9E.02]] or Paragraph 7 of  [[--|Section 9E.06]];
:C. To provide a bicycle interval for a counter-flow bicycle facility; or
:D. To provide for unusual or unexpected arrangements of the bicyclist movement through complex intersections, conflict areas, or signal control.


'''Option.''' An emergency-vehicle traffic control signal may be installed at a location that does not meet other traffic signal warrants such as at an intersection or other location to permit direct access from a building housing the emergency vehicle.
A bicycle signal face may be used at a mid-block traffic control signal where there are no motor vehicle movements parallel to the bicycle crossing.


An emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon may be installed instead of an emergency-vehicle traffic control signal under conditions described in EPG 902.8.4.
'''Support. '''Chapter 4C contains information on warrants for the installation of a new traffic control signal.  


'''Guidance.''' If a traffic control signal is not justified under the signal warrants of [[902.3 Traffic Control Signal Needs Studies (MUTCD Chapter 4C)|EPG 902.3 Traffic Control Signal Needs Studies]]  and if gaps in traffic are not adequate to permit the timely entrance of emergency vehicles, or the stopping sight distance for vehicles approaching on the major street is insufficient for emergency vehicles, installing an emergency-vehicle traffic control signal should be considered.  If one of the signal warrants of EPG 902.3 is met and a traffic control signal is justified by an engineering study, and if a decision is made to install a traffic control signal, it should be installed based upon the provisions of [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)|EPG 902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features]].
'''Guidance. '''The decision as to whether to incorporate a bicycle signal face(s) into a new traffic control signal design should be made during the engineering study performed in accordance with Paragraph 1 of [[--|Section 4C.01]].


The sight distance determination should be based on the location of the visibility obstruction for the critical approach lane for each street or drive and the posted or statutory speed limit or 85<sup>th</sup>-percentile speed on the major street, whichever is higher.
Engineering judgment should be exercised in determining whether or not it would be advantageous or beneficial to install a bicycle signal face(s) at an existing traffic control signal.


'''Standard.''' For a new emergency vehicle signal installation, the emergency entity, city, or other organization having control over the emergency equipment, will be required to pay the full cost of construction and will be required to maintain the equipment.
'''Support. '''Retrofitting existing circular traffic signals that are operated as bicycle signal faces with bicycle symbol signal faces is analogous to retrofitting existing traffic signals with pedestrian signals where such a determination is not required through an engineering study.


'''Guidance.''' The MoDOT district uses the applicant's request and supporting data to approve the installation. If approval is given, a contract is executed between the Missouri Highway and Transportation Commission and the proper local authorities or organization that covers the installation, maintenance, and operation of such a signal.  
For the purpose of warrant analyses, provisions for classifying bicycles are provided in Paragraph 16 of  [[--|Section 4C.01]] and Paragraph 2 of [[--|Section 9F.01]].


Normally a push button is located in the emergency facility. The push button and the connection (wireless or wired) to the signal will be provided and maintained by the emergency facility.
'''Standard. '''If used, a bicycle signal face shall only be used to control bicyclist movements from a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility, such as a shared-use path.


'''Standard.''' Upon completion of the installation, the requesting party will be responsible for all maintenance, replacement costs, and  power costs.  
If used, a bicycle signal face shall only be used to control bicyclist movements where bicyclists moving on a GREEN BICYCLE or YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication are not in conflict with any simultaneous motor vehicle movement at the signalized location, including right (or left) turns on red.


'''Support.''' The [[153.21 Traffic|TR06]] Emergency Vehicle Signal Agreement is the standard agreement to be used.
'''Guidance. '''If used where motor vehicle traffic can make the same movements as bicyclists, a bicycle signal face should only be used if the bicyclist movement controlled by the bicycle signal face is sometimes allowed to proceed or sometimes required to stop at times when motor vehicle traffic, making the same movement and controlled by other vehicular signal faces, is required to stop or allowed to proceed, respectively.


See [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.38 Preemption and Priority Control of Traffic Control Signals (MUTCD Section 4D.27)|EPG 902.5.38]] for preemption.
=={{SpanID|902.8.2}}902.8.2 Prohibited Uses of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.02)==


==902.8.2  Design of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals (MUTCD Section 4G.02)==
'''Standard. '''Bicycle signal faces shall not be used to control conflicting bicyclist movements from perpendicular or nearly perpendicular directions.


'''Standard.''' Except as otherwise provided in this article, an emergency-vehicle traffic control signal shall meet the requirements of [[:Category:902 Signals|EPG 902]].
Bicycle signal faces shall not be used for controlling any bicyclist movement that is sharing an approach lane with motor vehicle traffic.


An Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign (see [[903.6 Warning Signs#903.6.40 Vehicular Traffic Warning Signs (W11-1, W11-1b, W11-5, W11-8, W11-10, W11-12P, W11-14) (MUTCD Section 2C.49)|EPG 903.6.40]]) with an EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD (W11-12P) supplemental plaque shall be placed in advance of all emergency-vehicle traffic control signals.  If a warning beacon is installed to supplement the W11-8 sign, the design and location of the beacon shall comply with the Standards of [[902.12 Flashing Beacons (MUTCD Chapter 4L)#902.12.1 General Design and Operation of Flashing Beacons (MUTCD Section 4L.01)|EPG 902.12.1]] and [[902.12 Flashing Beacons (MUTCD Chapter 4L)#902.12.3 Warning Beacon (MUTCD Section 4L.03)|EPG 902.12.3]].
Bicycle signal faces shall not be used in any manner with respect to the design and operation of a hybrid beacon.


'''Guidance.''' At least one of the two required signal faces for each approach on the major street should be located horizontally over the roadway. Also, at least one signal head faces the direction of approach of the emergency vehicle.
=={{SpanID|902.8.3}}902.8.3 Bicycle Signal Signs (MUTCD Section 4H.03)==


'''Standard.''' The following size signal indications shall be used for emergency-vehicle traffic control signals on the major street: 12 in. diameter for steady red and steady yellow circular signal indications and any arrow indications, and 8 in. diameter for flashing yellow circular signal indications.
'''Support. '''The primary purposes of the Bicycle Signal (R10-40, R10-40a, R10-41, R10-41a, R10-41b) sign (see  [[--|Section 9B.22]]) are to inform road users that the signal indications in the bicycle signal face are intended only for bicyclists, and to inform bicyclists which specific bicyclist movements are controlled by the bicycle signal face.


The indications for the approach of the emergency vehicle shall be a 12 in. steady red and a 12 in. green.
'''Standard. '''Except as provided in the third paragraph of this Article, a Bicycle Signal (R10-40, R10-40a, R10-41, R10-41a, or R10-41b) sign shall be installed immediately adjacent to (including above or below) every bicycle signal face. The Bicycle Signal sign shall have a minimum size of 24 inches x 36 inches if it is placed next to an overhead-mounted bicycle signal face and shall have a minimum size of 12 inches x 21 inches if it is placed next to a post-mounted bicycle signal face.


'''Standard.''' An EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign shall be mounted adjacent to a signal face on each major street approach (see MUTCD Section 2B.53).  If an overhead signal face is provided, the EMERGENCY SIGNAL sign shall be mounted adjacent to the overhead signal face.
'''Option. '''The Bicycle Signal sign may be omitted adjacent to a supplemental near-side bicycle signal face containing 4-inch indications.


'''Option.''' An approach that only serves emergency vehicles may be provided with only one signal face consisting of two or more signal sections.
=={{SpanID|902.8.4}}902.8.4 Application of Bicycle Symbol Signal Indications during Steady (Stop-and-Go) Operation (MUTCD Section 4H.04)==


'''Support.''' See [[media:902.4.4 Typical Emergency Vehicle Signal Layouts.doc|Typical Emergency Vehicle Signal Layouts]] and Figure 902.8.2, below, for standard emergency vehicle signal installation.
'''Standard. '''Steady bicycle symbol signal indications shall be applied as follows:
 
[[image:902.4.4 Emergency Vehicle Signals.gif|750px|center|thumb|<center>'''Figure 902.8.2 Emergency Vehicle Signals'''</center>]]


==902.8.3 Operation of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals (MUTCD Section 4G.03)==
:A. A steady RED BICYCLE signal indication shall be displayed when it is intended to prohibit bicyclists in a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility such as a shared-use path from entering the intersection or other controlled area. Turning after stopping shall be permitted as stated in Item C in Paragraph 1 of [[--|Section 4A.05]].


'''Standard.''' Right of way for emergency vehicles at signalized locations operating in the steady (stop-and-go) mode shall be obtained as provided in [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.38 Preemption and Priority Control of Traffic Control Signals (MUTCD Section 4D.27)|EPG 902.5.38 Preemption and Priority Control of Traffic Control Signals]].
:B. A steady YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication shall be displayed following a GREEN BICYCLE signal indication in the same bicycle signal face. A YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication shall not be displayed in conjunction with the change from the RED BICYCLE signal indication to a GREEN BICYCLE signal indication. The YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication shall be followed by a RED BICYCLE signal indication.


As a minimum, the signal indications, sequence, and manner of operation of an emergency-vehicle traffic control signal installed at a midblock location shall be as follows:
:C. A steady GREEN BICYCLE signal indication shall be displayed only when it is intended to permit bicyclists in a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility such as a shared-use path to enter the intersection as discussed in  [[--|Section 4A.05]].


:A. The signal indication, between emergency-vehicle actuations, shall be flashing yellow. The flashing yellow signal indication shall be displayed in the normal position of the green signal indication, while the steady red and steady yellow signal indications shall be displayed in their normal positions.
=={{SpanID|902.8.5}}902.8.5 Application of Bicycle Symbol Signal Indications during Flashing Operation (MUTCD Section 4H.05)==


:B. When an emergency-vehicle actuation occurs, a steady yellow change interval followed by a steady red interval shall be displayed to traffic on the major street.
'''Standard. '''The mode of operation of the bicycle signal faces at a traffic control signal shall be the same as the mode of operation of the other traffic signal faces at the same signalized location. Bicycle signal faces shall operate in the steady (stop-and-go) mode when the other traffic signal faces are operating in the steady (stop-and-go) mode. Bicycle signal faces shall operate in the flashing mode when the other signal faces are operating in the flashing mode. Bicycle signal faces shall not be placed in a dark mode when other vehicular traffic signal faces are operating in the flashing mode.


:C. A yellow change interval is not required following the green interval for the emergency-vehicle driveway.
'''Guidance. '''When a traffic control signal is operated in the flashing mode, bicycle signal faces should display a flashing RED BICYCLE signal indication if the other vehicular signal faces on the same approach are displaying flashing red signal indications or if there are no other vehicular signal faces on the same approach.


Emergency-vehicle traffic control signals located at intersections shall either be operated in the flashing mode between emergency-vehicle actuations (see [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.39 Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals – General (MUTCD Section 4D.28)|EPG 902.5.39 Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals – General]] through [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.42 Flashing Operation – Transition Out of Flashing Mode (MUTCD Section 4D.31)|EPG 902.5.42 Flashing Operation – Transition Out of Flashing Mode]] and [[media:902.4.4 Typical Emergency Vehicle Signal Layouts.doc|Typical Emergency Vehicle Signal Layouts]]) or be full-actuated or semi-actuated to accommodate normal vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the streets.  
When a traffic control signal is operated in the flashing mode, bicycle signal faces should display a flashing YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication if the other vehicular signal faces for the through lanes on the same approach are displaying flashing yellow signal indications unless it is determined by engineering judgment that a flashing RED BICYCLE signal indication would provide a safer operation.
Warning beacons, if used with an emergency-vehicle traffic control signal, shall be flashed only:


:A. For an appropriate time in advance of and during the steady yellow change interval for the major street; and
=={{SpanID|902.8.6}}902.8.6 Layout of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.06)==


:B. During the steady red interval for the major street.
'''Standard. '''Bicycle signal faces shall consist of all bicycle symbol signal indications (see [[--|Figure 4H-1]]). Circular or arrow signal indications shall not be used in a bicycle signal face.


'''Guidance.''' The duration of the steady red interval for traffic on the major street should be determined by on-site test-run time studies but should not exceed 1.5 times the time required for the emergency vehicle to clear the path of conflicting vehicles.
'''Option. '''Bicycle signal faces may be oriented vertically or horizontally.


'''Option.''' An emergency-vehicle traffic control signal sequence may be initiated manually from a local control point such as a fire station, law enforcement headquarters or other emergency vehicle facility or from an emergency vehicle equipped for remote operation of the signal.
'''Standard. '''The layouts and arrangements of the bicycle signal face shall be in accordance with the following provisions:


==902.8.4 Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4G.04)==
:A. Only the bicycle symbol shown on Page 6-7 in the FHWA 2004 Standard Highway Signs publication (see [[--|Section 1A.05]]) shall be used for bicycle symbol signal indications and shall be proportioned to fit within the signal lens. The bicycle symbol shall only be positioned horizontally and shall face to the left.


'''Standard.''' Emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons shall be used only in conjunction with signs to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location where emergency vehicles enter or cross a street or highway. Emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons shall be actuated only by authorized emergency or maintenance personnel.
:B. The RED BICYCLE, YELLOW BICYCLE, and GREEN BICYCLE signal indications shall be in the same relative position to each other as specified for the CIRCULAR RED, CIRCULAR YELLOW, and CIRCULAR GREEN signal indications, respectively, in  Sections [[--|4E.04]] and [[--|4E.05]].


'''Guidance.''' Emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons should only be used when all the following criteria are satisfied:
:C. As a specific exception to the fourth paragraph of  [[--|EPG 902.5.4]], two YELLOW BICYCLE signal indications or two GREEN BICYCLE signal indications shall not be arranged horizontally adjacent to each other at right angles to the basic straight line arrangement to form a clustered signal face.


:A. The conditions justifying an emergency-vehicle traffic control signal (see EPG 902.8.1) are met; and
'''Option. '''Backplates (see Paragraphs 18 and 19 in  [[--|Section 4D.06]]) may be used with bicycle signal faces.


:B. An engineering study, considering the road width, approach speeds, and other pertinent factors, determines that emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons can be designed and located in compliance with the requirements contained in this article and in [[902.12 Flashing Beacons (MUTCD Chapter 4L)#902.12.1 General Design and Operation of Flashing Beacons (MUTCD Section 4L.01)|EPG 902.12.1]], so that they effectively warn and control traffic at the location; and
If a bicycle signal face having 4-inch signal indications is used, the accompanying visors may be omitted.


:C. The location is not at or within 100 ft. from an intersection or driveway where the side road or driveway is controlled by a STOP or YIELD sign.
=={{SpanID|902.8.7}}902.8.7 Size of Bicycle Symbol Signal Indications (MUTCD Section 4H.07)==


'''Standard.''' Except as otherwise provided in this article, an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon shall meet the requirements of EPG 902.
'''Standard. '''There shall be three nominal diameter sizes for bicycle signal indications: 4 inches, 8 inches, and 12 inches.


An emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon face shall consist of three signal sections, with a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication centered below two horizontally aligned CIRCULAR RED signal indications (see Fig. 902.8.4).
All signal indications to be maintained by MoDOT shall be 12 inches.


[[image:902.8.4.jpg|center|750px|thumb|<center>'''Fig. 902.8.4 Sequence for an Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacon'''</center>
All signal indications in a bicycle signal face shall be of the same size.


'''Note:''' An optional steady red clearance interval may be used after Interval 3 and before Interval 4.
Four-inch signal indications shall not be used for any bicycle signal face other than a supplemental, post-mounted, near-side bicycle signal face.
]]


Emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons shall be placed in a dark mode (no indications displayed) during periods between actuations.
=={{SpanID|902.8.8}}902.8.8 Placement of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.08)==


Upon actuation by authorized emergency personnel, the emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon faces shall each display a flashing yellow signal indication, followed by a steady yellow change interval, prior to displaying two CIRCULAR RED signal indications in an alternating flashing array for a duration of time adequate for egress of the emergency vehicles. The alternating flashing red signal indications shall only be displayed when it is required that drivers on the major street stop and then proceed subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a STOP sign.  Upon termination of the flashing red signal indications, the emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons shall revert to a dark mode (no indications displayed) condition.
'''Standard. '''The provisions of Sections 4D.05 through 4D.08 shall apply to the placement of the bicycle signal faces except as follows:


'''Guidance.'''
:A. As a specific exception to Item A in Paragraph 1 of  [[--|Section 4D.05]], a minimum of one primary bicycle signal face shall be provided to control traffic for the bicyclist movement, even if a bicyclist through movement exists.


The duration of the flashing yellow interval should be determined by engineering judgment.
:B. The primary bicycle signal face shall have either 8-inch or 12-inch signal indications, even if it is located at the near side of the signal-controlled location.


'''Standard.''' The duration of the steady yellow change interval shall be determined using engineering practices.
:C. When the primary bicycle signal face is located more than 120 feet beyond the stop line, a supplemental near-side bicycle signal face shall be provided.


'''Guidance.''' The steady yellow change interval should have a minimum duration of 3 seconds and a maximum duration of 6 seconds (see [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.36.2 Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals (MUTCD Section 4D.26)|EPG 902.5.36.2 Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals]]).  The longer intervals should be reserved for use on approaches with higher speeds.
'''Guidance. '''When the primary bicycle signal face is located more than 80 feet and up to 120 feet beyond the stop line, a supplemental near-side bicycle signal face should be provided.


'''Option.''' A steady red clearance interval may be used after the steady yellow change interval.
A bicycle signal face should be separated horizontally or vertically from the nearest vehicular traffic signal face for the same approach by at least 3 feet measured either horizontally perpendicular to the approach between the centers of the signal faces or vertically from the center of the lowest signal indication of the top signal face to the center of the highest signal indication of the bottom signal face. If horizontally-arranged or clustered signal faces are used, the minimum 3-foot horizontal separation between the two signal faces should be measured from the center of the right-most signal indication in the signal face on the left to the center of the left-most signal indication in the signal face on the right.


Emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons may be equipped with a light or other display visible to the operator of the egressing emergency vehicle to provide confirmation that the beacons are operating.
Bicycle signal faces should be placed such that visibility is maximized for bicyclists and minimized for adjacent or conflicting vehicle movements not controlled by the bicycle signal face. Consideration should be given to using visibility-limited bicycle signal faces in situations where drivers not controlled by the bicycle signal face might be confused by viewing the bicycle signal indications, such as when the bicyclist movement controlled by the bicycle signal face is sometimes allowed to proceed or sometimes required to stop at times when motor vehicle traffic, making the same movement and controlled by other vehicular signal faces, is required to stop or allowed to proceed, respectively.


Emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons may be supplemented with an advance warning sign, which may also be supplemented with a Warning Beacon [[902.12 Flashing Beacons (MUTCD Chapter 4L)#902.12.3 Warning Beacons (MUTCD Section 4L.03)|EPG 902.12.3]].
=={{SpanID|902.8.9}}902.8.9 Mounting Height of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.09)==


'''Standard.''' Warning beacons, if used with an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon, shall be flashed only when the emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon is not in the dark mode.
'''Standard. '''The provisions of  [[--|Section 4D.09]] shall apply to the mounting height of bicycle signal faces except as follows:
:A. The bottom of the signal housing (including brackets) of a bicycle signal face that is not located over a roadway or shoulder shall be a minimum of 7 feet above the sidewalk or ground, and
:B. If 4-inch signal indications are used in a supplemental, post-mounted, near-side bicycle signal face, the bottom of the signal housing (including brackets) shall be a minimum of 4 feet and a maximum of 8 feet above the sidewalk or ground. Bicycle signal faces with 4-inch signal indications installed above a pedestrian sidewalk or pathway shall not project more than 4 inches into the pedestrian facility.


'''Standard.''' At least two emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon faces shall be installed for each approach of the major street with at least one being overhead and a stop line shall be installed for each approach of the major street.
=={{SpanID|902.8.10}}902.8.10 Intensity and Light Distribution of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.10)==


'''Guidance.''' On approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds in excess of 40 mph, and on approaches having traffic or operating conditions that would tend to obscure visibility of roadside beacon faces, both of the minimum of two emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway.
'''Guidance. '''Except for the 4-inch nominal size of the lens diameter, the intensity and distribution of light from each illuminated bicycle signal face should be similar to that recommended for vehicular traffic signal faces in accordance with the tenth paragraph of [[--|EPG 902.5.1]] to the extent practical.


An emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon should comply with the signal face location provisions described in [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.17 Number of Signal Faces on an Approach (MUTCD Section 4D.11)|EPG 902.5.17]] through [[902.5 Traffic Control Signal Features (MUTCD Chapter 4D)#902.5.22 Lateral Offset (Clearance) of Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4D.16)|EPG 902.5.21]].
=={{SpanID|902.8.11}}902.8.11 Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals for Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.11)==


'''Standard.''' Stop lines and EMERGENCY SIGNAL—STOP WHEN FLASHING RED (R10-14) signs (see MUTCD Section 2B.53) shall be used with emergency-vehicle hybrid beacons.  
'''Standard. '''The provisions of  [[--|EPG 902.6.17]] shall apply to the duration of the yellow change and the red clearance intervals of a bicycle signal phase.


'''Option.''' If needed for extra emphasis, a STOP HERE ON FLASHING RED (R10-14b) sign (see MUTCD Section 2B.53) may be installed with an emergency-vehicle hybrid beacon.
'''Guidance. '''The minimum duration of the yellow change interval of a bicycle signal phase should be 3 seconds.  


'''Support. '''The function of the yellow change interval is to warn bicyclists approaching a signalized location that their permission to proceed is being terminated after which they will be directed to stop. Providing clearance time for a bicyclist to travel through the intersection or conflict area is the purpose of the red clearance interval rather than the yellow change interval.


=={{SpanID|902.8.12}}902.8.12 Bicycle Push Buttons (MUTCD Section 4H.12)==


[[Category:902 Signals|902.08]]
'''Option. '''Bicycle push buttons may be used for bicycle detection.
 
'''Support. '''The location of bicycle push buttons intended only for use by bicyclists and not pedestrians are determined by engineering judgment considering a reasonable reach without requiring most bicyclists to dismount.
 
'''Standard. '''Where used, push buttons intended to be used by both pedestrians and bicyclists shall be located and operated to meet all accessibility requirements (see  [[--|Section 4I.05]]).
 
Bicycle push buttons shall be accompanied by an appropriate regulatory sign (R10-4, R10-24, or R10-26) explaining the purpose and operation of the push button (see  Sections [[--|2B.58]] and [[--|9B.20]]).

Revision as of 03:58, 11 August 2025

902.8.1 Use of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.01)

Guidance. Bicycle signals are not currently used on MoDOT facilities. When considering the use of bicycle signals the Highway Safety and Traffic Division should be contacted for guidance.

Option. A bicycle signal face may be used to provide separate control of a bicyclist movement for various situations, including the following:

A. To provide a protected bicycle signal phase or a leading or lagging bicycle interval;
B. To continue a through bicycle lane on the right-hand side of a mandatory right-turn lane (or on the left-hand side of a mandatory left-turn lane) that would otherwise be in non-compliance with Paragraph 1 of Section 9E.02 or Paragraph 7 of Section 9E.06;
C. To provide a bicycle interval for a counter-flow bicycle facility; or
D. To provide for unusual or unexpected arrangements of the bicyclist movement through complex intersections, conflict areas, or signal control.

A bicycle signal face may be used at a mid-block traffic control signal where there are no motor vehicle movements parallel to the bicycle crossing.

Support. Chapter 4C contains information on warrants for the installation of a new traffic control signal.

Guidance. The decision as to whether to incorporate a bicycle signal face(s) into a new traffic control signal design should be made during the engineering study performed in accordance with Paragraph 1 of Section 4C.01.

Engineering judgment should be exercised in determining whether or not it would be advantageous or beneficial to install a bicycle signal face(s) at an existing traffic control signal.

Support. Retrofitting existing circular traffic signals that are operated as bicycle signal faces with bicycle symbol signal faces is analogous to retrofitting existing traffic signals with pedestrian signals where such a determination is not required through an engineering study.

For the purpose of warrant analyses, provisions for classifying bicycles are provided in Paragraph 16 of Section 4C.01 and Paragraph 2 of Section 9F.01.

Standard. If used, a bicycle signal face shall only be used to control bicyclist movements from a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility, such as a shared-use path.

If used, a bicycle signal face shall only be used to control bicyclist movements where bicyclists moving on a GREEN BICYCLE or YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication are not in conflict with any simultaneous motor vehicle movement at the signalized location, including right (or left) turns on red.

Guidance. If used where motor vehicle traffic can make the same movements as bicyclists, a bicycle signal face should only be used if the bicyclist movement controlled by the bicycle signal face is sometimes allowed to proceed or sometimes required to stop at times when motor vehicle traffic, making the same movement and controlled by other vehicular signal faces, is required to stop or allowed to proceed, respectively.

902.8.2 Prohibited Uses of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.02)

Standard. Bicycle signal faces shall not be used to control conflicting bicyclist movements from perpendicular or nearly perpendicular directions.

Bicycle signal faces shall not be used for controlling any bicyclist movement that is sharing an approach lane with motor vehicle traffic.

Bicycle signal faces shall not be used in any manner with respect to the design and operation of a hybrid beacon.

902.8.3 Bicycle Signal Signs (MUTCD Section 4H.03)

Support. The primary purposes of the Bicycle Signal (R10-40, R10-40a, R10-41, R10-41a, R10-41b) sign (see Section 9B.22) are to inform road users that the signal indications in the bicycle signal face are intended only for bicyclists, and to inform bicyclists which specific bicyclist movements are controlled by the bicycle signal face.

Standard. Except as provided in the third paragraph of this Article, a Bicycle Signal (R10-40, R10-40a, R10-41, R10-41a, or R10-41b) sign shall be installed immediately adjacent to (including above or below) every bicycle signal face. The Bicycle Signal sign shall have a minimum size of 24 inches x 36 inches if it is placed next to an overhead-mounted bicycle signal face and shall have a minimum size of 12 inches x 21 inches if it is placed next to a post-mounted bicycle signal face.

Option. The Bicycle Signal sign may be omitted adjacent to a supplemental near-side bicycle signal face containing 4-inch indications.

902.8.4 Application of Bicycle Symbol Signal Indications during Steady (Stop-and-Go) Operation (MUTCD Section 4H.04)

Standard. Steady bicycle symbol signal indications shall be applied as follows:

A. A steady RED BICYCLE signal indication shall be displayed when it is intended to prohibit bicyclists in a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility such as a shared-use path from entering the intersection or other controlled area. Turning after stopping shall be permitted as stated in Item C in Paragraph 1 of Section 4A.05.
B. A steady YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication shall be displayed following a GREEN BICYCLE signal indication in the same bicycle signal face. A YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication shall not be displayed in conjunction with the change from the RED BICYCLE signal indication to a GREEN BICYCLE signal indication. The YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication shall be followed by a RED BICYCLE signal indication.
C. A steady GREEN BICYCLE signal indication shall be displayed only when it is intended to permit bicyclists in a designated bicycle lane or from a separate facility such as a shared-use path to enter the intersection as discussed in Section 4A.05.

902.8.5 Application of Bicycle Symbol Signal Indications during Flashing Operation (MUTCD Section 4H.05)

Standard. The mode of operation of the bicycle signal faces at a traffic control signal shall be the same as the mode of operation of the other traffic signal faces at the same signalized location. Bicycle signal faces shall operate in the steady (stop-and-go) mode when the other traffic signal faces are operating in the steady (stop-and-go) mode. Bicycle signal faces shall operate in the flashing mode when the other signal faces are operating in the flashing mode. Bicycle signal faces shall not be placed in a dark mode when other vehicular traffic signal faces are operating in the flashing mode.

Guidance. When a traffic control signal is operated in the flashing mode, bicycle signal faces should display a flashing RED BICYCLE signal indication if the other vehicular signal faces on the same approach are displaying flashing red signal indications or if there are no other vehicular signal faces on the same approach.

When a traffic control signal is operated in the flashing mode, bicycle signal faces should display a flashing YELLOW BICYCLE signal indication if the other vehicular signal faces for the through lanes on the same approach are displaying flashing yellow signal indications unless it is determined by engineering judgment that a flashing RED BICYCLE signal indication would provide a safer operation.

902.8.6 Layout of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.06)

Standard. Bicycle signal faces shall consist of all bicycle symbol signal indications (see Figure 4H-1). Circular or arrow signal indications shall not be used in a bicycle signal face.

Option. Bicycle signal faces may be oriented vertically or horizontally.

Standard. The layouts and arrangements of the bicycle signal face shall be in accordance with the following provisions:

A. Only the bicycle symbol shown on Page 6-7 in the FHWA 2004 Standard Highway Signs publication (see Section 1A.05) shall be used for bicycle symbol signal indications and shall be proportioned to fit within the signal lens. The bicycle symbol shall only be positioned horizontally and shall face to the left.
B. The RED BICYCLE, YELLOW BICYCLE, and GREEN BICYCLE signal indications shall be in the same relative position to each other as specified for the CIRCULAR RED, CIRCULAR YELLOW, and CIRCULAR GREEN signal indications, respectively, in Sections 4E.04 and 4E.05.
C. As a specific exception to the fourth paragraph of EPG 902.5.4, two YELLOW BICYCLE signal indications or two GREEN BICYCLE signal indications shall not be arranged horizontally adjacent to each other at right angles to the basic straight line arrangement to form a clustered signal face.

Option. Backplates (see Paragraphs 18 and 19 in Section 4D.06) may be used with bicycle signal faces.

If a bicycle signal face having 4-inch signal indications is used, the accompanying visors may be omitted.

902.8.7 Size of Bicycle Symbol Signal Indications (MUTCD Section 4H.07)

Standard. There shall be three nominal diameter sizes for bicycle signal indications: 4 inches, 8 inches, and 12 inches.

All signal indications to be maintained by MoDOT shall be 12 inches.

All signal indications in a bicycle signal face shall be of the same size.

Four-inch signal indications shall not be used for any bicycle signal face other than a supplemental, post-mounted, near-side bicycle signal face.

902.8.8 Placement of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.08)

Standard. The provisions of Sections 4D.05 through 4D.08 shall apply to the placement of the bicycle signal faces except as follows:

A. As a specific exception to Item A in Paragraph 1 of Section 4D.05, a minimum of one primary bicycle signal face shall be provided to control traffic for the bicyclist movement, even if a bicyclist through movement exists.
B. The primary bicycle signal face shall have either 8-inch or 12-inch signal indications, even if it is located at the near side of the signal-controlled location.
C. When the primary bicycle signal face is located more than 120 feet beyond the stop line, a supplemental near-side bicycle signal face shall be provided.

Guidance. When the primary bicycle signal face is located more than 80 feet and up to 120 feet beyond the stop line, a supplemental near-side bicycle signal face should be provided.

A bicycle signal face should be separated horizontally or vertically from the nearest vehicular traffic signal face for the same approach by at least 3 feet measured either horizontally perpendicular to the approach between the centers of the signal faces or vertically from the center of the lowest signal indication of the top signal face to the center of the highest signal indication of the bottom signal face. If horizontally-arranged or clustered signal faces are used, the minimum 3-foot horizontal separation between the two signal faces should be measured from the center of the right-most signal indication in the signal face on the left to the center of the left-most signal indication in the signal face on the right.

Bicycle signal faces should be placed such that visibility is maximized for bicyclists and minimized for adjacent or conflicting vehicle movements not controlled by the bicycle signal face. Consideration should be given to using visibility-limited bicycle signal faces in situations where drivers not controlled by the bicycle signal face might be confused by viewing the bicycle signal indications, such as when the bicyclist movement controlled by the bicycle signal face is sometimes allowed to proceed or sometimes required to stop at times when motor vehicle traffic, making the same movement and controlled by other vehicular signal faces, is required to stop or allowed to proceed, respectively.

902.8.9 Mounting Height of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.09)

Standard. The provisions of Section 4D.09 shall apply to the mounting height of bicycle signal faces except as follows:

A. The bottom of the signal housing (including brackets) of a bicycle signal face that is not located over a roadway or shoulder shall be a minimum of 7 feet above the sidewalk or ground, and
B. If 4-inch signal indications are used in a supplemental, post-mounted, near-side bicycle signal face, the bottom of the signal housing (including brackets) shall be a minimum of 4 feet and a maximum of 8 feet above the sidewalk or ground. Bicycle signal faces with 4-inch signal indications installed above a pedestrian sidewalk or pathway shall not project more than 4 inches into the pedestrian facility.

902.8.10 Intensity and Light Distribution of Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.10)

Guidance. Except for the 4-inch nominal size of the lens diameter, the intensity and distribution of light from each illuminated bicycle signal face should be similar to that recommended for vehicular traffic signal faces in accordance with the tenth paragraph of EPG 902.5.1 to the extent practical.

902.8.11 Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals for Bicycle Signal Faces (MUTCD Section 4H.11)

Standard. The provisions of EPG 902.6.17 shall apply to the duration of the yellow change and the red clearance intervals of a bicycle signal phase.

Guidance. The minimum duration of the yellow change interval of a bicycle signal phase should be 3 seconds.

Support. The function of the yellow change interval is to warn bicyclists approaching a signalized location that their permission to proceed is being terminated after which they will be directed to stop. Providing clearance time for a bicyclist to travel through the intersection or conflict area is the purpose of the red clearance interval rather than the yellow change interval.

902.8.12 Bicycle Push Buttons (MUTCD Section 4H.12)

Option. Bicycle push buttons may be used for bicycle detection.

Support. The location of bicycle push buttons intended only for use by bicyclists and not pedestrians are determined by engineering judgment considering a reasonable reach without requiring most bicyclists to dismount.

Standard. Where used, push buttons intended to be used by both pedestrians and bicyclists shall be located and operated to meet all accessibility requirements (see Section 4I.05).

Bicycle push buttons shall be accompanied by an appropriate regulatory sign (R10-4, R10-24, or R10-26) explaining the purpose and operation of the push button (see Sections 2B.58 and 9B.20).

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