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902.10 Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Chapter 4J): Difference between revisions

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==902.11.1 School Crossing Indications at Existing Signal==
[[Category:902 Signals|902.10]]
[[image:902.4.3 School Signal.jpg|right|300px]]


'''Guidance.''' If phase associated pedestrian indications are not acceptable, the "walk scramble" option can provide the ability to leave the signal's pedestrian indications as phase-associated until changed by an adult crossing guard. This type of installation provides for a pushbutton enclosed in a locked box that when pressed, puts all of the vehicle indications to red and all pedestrian indications to Walk for a programmed amount of time (a "walk scramble"). 
=={{SpanID|902.10.1}}902.10.1  Application of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4J.01)==


'''Standard.''' Pedestrian facilities beyond the intersection (sidewalks, etc.) shall be in place prior to installation.
'''Support. '''A pedestrian hybrid beacon is a special type of hybrid beacon used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist pedestrians in crossing a street or highway at a marked crosswalk.


All equipment shall be installed according to latest MoDOT specifications and standards.  
'''Option. '''A pedestrian hybrid beacon may be considered for installation to facilitate pedestrian crossings at a location that does not meet traffic signal warrants (see Chapter 4C), or at a location that meets traffic signal warrants under Sections 4C.05 and/or 4C.06 but a decision is made to not install a traffic control signal.


The district will obtain appropriate signed contracts to be sent to Traffic for further handling.  
'''Standard. If used, pedestrian hybrid beacons shall be used in conjunction with signs and pavement markings (see  [[--|EPG 902.10.2]]) to warn and control traffic at locations where pedestrians enter or cross a street or highway. A pedestrian hybrid beacon shall only be installed at a marked crosswalk. '''


'''Support.''' The following standard contracts are available:
'''Guidance. '''If one of the signal warrants of Chapter 4C is met and a traffic control signal is justified by an engineering study, and if a decision is made to install a traffic control signal, it should be installed based upon the provisions of Chapters 4D through 902.9 and 902.11.


:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR3 - Contract for School Crossing At An Existing Signalized Intersection (In Municipalities)]]
If a traffic control signal is not justified under the signal warrants of Chapter 4C and if gaps in traffic are not adequate to permit pedestrians to cross, or if the speed for vehicles approaching on the major street is too high to permit pedestrians to cross, or if pedestrian delay is excessive, the need for a pedestrian hybrid beacon should be considered on the basis of an engineering study that considers major-street volumes, speeds, widths, and gaps in conjunction with pedestrian volumes, walking speeds, and delay.


:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR4 - Contract for School Crossing At An Existing Signalized Intersection (Outside Municipalities)]]
For a major street where the posted or statutory speed limit or the 85th-percentile speed is 35 mph or less, the need for a pedestrian hybrid beacon should be considered if the engineering study finds that the plotted point representing the vehicles per hour on the major street (total of both approaches) and the corresponding total of all pedestrians crossing the major street for 1 hour (any four consecutive 15-minute periods) of an average day falls above the applicable curve in [[--|Figure 4J-1]] for  the length of the crosswalk.


'''Standard.''' Once the contract is executed, MoDOT shall install and maintain all necessary equipment to bring the intersection up to needed operation. After installation is completed, MoDOT shall meet with school representatives to review proper operation of equipment. Periods of operation will be during times specified in the contract. The school district shall notify MoDOT of any change or additional times of operation.  
For a major street where the posted or statutory speed limit or the 85th-percentile speed exceeds 35 mph, the need for a pedestrian hybrid beacon should be considered if the engineering study finds that the plotted point representing the vehicles per hour on the major street (total of both approaches) and the corresponding total of all pedestrians crossing the major street for 1 hour (any four consecutive 15-minute periods) of an average day falls above the applicable curve in [[--|Figure 4J-2]]  for  the length of the crosswalk.


Activation of this installation shall be by an adult crossing guard acting for the school.  
For crosswalks that have lengths other than the four that are specifically shown in Figures 4J-1 and 4J-2, the values should be interpolated between the curves.


'''Option.''' Time allotted to pedestrian indications for the school crossing may be greater than the normal pedestrian timing at a signalized intersection, but care must be taken to keep the timing reasonable so as to not restrict the flow of vehicular traffic. It is likely the school cannot cross all pedestrians in one cycle, and additional cycles will be needed in order to service all pedestrians.
'''Option. '''The criteria for the pedestrian volume crossing the major street shown in Figures 4J-1 and 4J-2 may be reduced as much as 50 percent if the 15th-percentile crossing speed of pedestrians is less than 3.5 feet per second.


==902.11.2 Mid-Block School Crossing==
Where there is a divided street having a median of sufficient width for pedestrians to wait, the criteria for the major-street traffic volume shown in Figures 4J-1 and 4J-2 may be applied separately to each direction of vehicular traffic. Satisfaction of the criteria for one direction of traffic allows for installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon for the entire crossing.


'''Standard.''' Pedestrian warrants below satisfied with no usable traffic signal within 1000 ft. of desired crossing location.  
'''Standard. '''If a pedestrian hybrid beacon is considered for a location that does not meet the criterion listed in this article, an engineering study shall be submitted and approved by the State Traffic Engineer prior to installation.  


(A) Warrant One - Two- or three-lane pavement (less than 40 ft. wide). This warrant is met when:
=={{SpanID|902.10.2}}902.10.2  Design of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4J.02)==


:1. Pedestrian crossing volumes at a designated school crossing or major street exceeds 250 pedestrians in each two hours; and  
'''Standard. '''Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a pedestrian hybrid beacon shall meet the provisions of Chapters 4D through 4G, 902.9, and 902.10.


:2. During each of the same two hours vehicle traffic through the designated school crossing exceeds 800 vehicles; and
A pedestrian hybrid beacon face shall consist of three signal sections, with a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication centered below two horizontally-aligned CIRCULAR RED signal indications (see [[--|Figure 4J-3]]) .


:3. There is no usable traffic signal within 1000 ft. of the crossing. If the 85th percentile speed of the major street traffic exceeds 40 miles per hour or when the location lies within a buildup area of an isolated community having a population less than 10,000, the above criteria may be reduced to 70% of the stated requirements.  
When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then:
:A. At least two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall be installed for each approach of the major street;
:B. A stop line shall be installed for each approach to the crosswalk;
:C. A pedestrian signal head complying with the provisions set forth in EPG 902.9 shall be installed at each end of the marked crosswalk;
:D. The pedestrian hybrid beacon shall be pedestrian actuated; and
:E. If the pedestrian hybrid beacon is installed at or immediately adjacent to an intersection with a minor street, a STOP sign shall be installed for each minor-street approach.


(B) Warrant Two - Four or more lane pavements. This warrant is met when conditions set forth in either of the following cases exist.
'''Guidance. '''When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then:
:A. Parking and other sight obstructions should be prohibited for at least 100 feet in advance of and at least 20 feet beyond the marked crosswalk, or site accommodations should be made through curb extensions or other techniques to provide adequate sight distance; and
:<u>Case 1 </u>
:B. If installed within a signal system, the pedestrian hybrid beacon should be coordinated.
:1. When pedestrian crossing volumes at a designated school crossing on a major street exceeds 100 pedestrians in each of two hours; and  


:2. When during each of the same two hours, vehicular traffic through the designated school crossing exceeds 800 vehicles; and
On approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds in excess of 35 mph and on approaches having traffic or operating conditions that would tend to obscure visibility of roadside hybrid beacon face locations, both of the minimum of two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway.
:3. There is no usable traffic signal within 1000 ft. of the crossing.  
:<u>Case 2 </u>


:1. When pedestrian crossing volumes at a designated school crossing on a major street exceeds 70 pedestrians in each of two hours; and
On multi-lane approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds of 35 mph or less, either a pedestrian hybrid beacon face should be installed on each side of the approach (if a median of sufficient width exists) or at least one of the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway.


:2. When, during each of the same two hours, vehicular traffic through the designated school crossing exceeds 1,200 vehicles; and
A pedestrian hybrid beacon should comply with the signal face location provisions described in Sections 4D.05 through 4D.10.
:3. There is no usable traffic signal within 1000 ft. of the crossing.  


:If the 85<sup>th</sup> percentile speed of the major street traffic exceeds 40 miles per hour or when the location lies within a buildup area of an isolated community having a population less than 10,000, the above criteria may be reduced to 70% of the stated requirements.  
'''Standard. '''A CROSSWALK—STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) or a STOP ON RED—YIELD ON FLASHING RED AFTER STOP (R10-23a) sign (see  [[--|Section 2B.59]]) shall be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street approach. If an overhead pedestrian hybrid beacon face is provided, the sign shall be mounted adjacent to the overhead signal face.


:At locations where school crossing traffic signals are being installed, advance flashers with applicable advanced warning signing are to be installed.  
'''Option. '''A W11-2 (Pedestrian), S1-1 (School), or W11-15 (Trail) crossing warning sign with an AHEAD (W16-9P) supplemental plaque may be placed in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon. A Warning Beacon may be installed to supplement the W11-2, S1-1, or W11-15 sign.


(C) Installation by Others If a city, county, or school district applies for the installation of a school crossing signal at a location which is not within 1000 ft. of another usable signal, and the installation does not meet the above warrants but meets 75% of the applicable warrants, a signal may be installed provided the city, county or school district bears the entire cost of the installation, with maintenance and operation costs by MoDOT after completion. The city, county, or school district shall execute an appropriate signed contract providing for the installation, maintenance, operation, cost of electricity and removal of signal.  
'''Standard. '''Backplates (see  [[--|Section 4D.06]]) shall be used with pedestrian hybrid beacons.


:Equipment: Equipment shall meet all latest MoDOT standards and specifications.  
'''Support. '''Accessible pedestrian signals (see EPG 902.11) where a pedestrian hybrid beacon is used provide information in non-visual formats (such as audible tones and/or speech messages, and vibrating surfaces) so that a pedestrian with vision disabilities can know when to cross the street.


:Procedure for Installation: The district will obtain appropriate signed contracts to be returned to Traffic for further handling.  
'''Guidance. '''If a Warning Beacon supplements a W11-2 sign in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon, it should be programmed to flash only when the pedestrian hybrid beacon is not in the dark mode.


'''Support.''' The following standard contracts are available:
'''Standard. '''If a Warning Beacon is installed to supplement the W11-2 sign, the design and location of the Warning Beacon shall comply with the provisions of  EPG [[--|902.18.1]] and [[--|902.18.3]].


:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR1 - Contract for School Crossing Signal (In Municipalities)]]
Bicycle signal faces (see Chapter 4H) shall not be used at a pedestrian hybrid beacon.


:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR2 - Contract for School Crossing Signal (By Municipalities)]]
=={{SpanID|902.10.3}}902.10.3  Operation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4J.03)==
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR5 - Contract for School Crossing Signal (By School Districts or Counties Outside Municipalities)]]
See [[902.17 Execution of Contracts for Signal or Flasher Installation|EPG 902.17 Execution of Contracts for Signal or Flasher Installation]] for additional information on execution of contracts.  


'''Standard.''' Plans for installation shall be the responsibility of MoDOT, except when the signals are installed by others. In this case, plans for installation shall be the responsibility of the outside party.  
'''Standard. '''Pedestrian hybrid beacon indications shall be dark (not illuminated) during periods between actuations.


:Costs: The cost of installation, maintenance and operation shall be the responsibility of MoDOT, with the exceptions noted for "Installation by Others" above. Advance flashers and all power costs shall be paid for by the school district.  
Following an actuation by a pedestrian, a pedestrian hybrid beacon face shall display a flashing CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication, followed by a steady CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication, followed by both steady CIRCULAR RED signal indications during the pedestrian walk interval, followed by alternating flashing CIRCULAR RED signal indications during the pedestrian change interval (see [[--|Figure 4J-3]] ).  Upon termination of the pedestrian change interval, the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall revert to a dark (not illuminated) condition.


:Operation: Periods of operation will be during times specified in the contract. The school district shall notify MoDOT of any change or additional times of operation.  
Except as provided in the fourth paragraph of this Article, the pedestrian signal heads shall continue to display a steady UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are either dark or displaying flashing or steady CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indications. The pedestrian signal heads shall display a WALKING PERSON (symbolizing WALK) signal indication when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are displaying steady CIRCULAR RED signal indications. The pedestrian signal heads shall display a flashing UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are displaying alternating flashing CIRCULAR RED signal indications. Upon termination of the pedestrian change interval, the pedestrian signal heads shall revert to a steady UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication.


:Maintenance: All maintenance shall be the responsibility of MoDOT.  
'''Option. '''Where the pedestrian hybrid beacon is installed adjacent to a roundabout to facilitate crossings by pedestrians with vision disabilities and an engineering study determines that pedestrians without vision disabilities can be allowed to cross the roadway without actuating the pedestrian hybrid beacon, the pedestrian signal heads may be dark (not illuminated) when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are dark.


:Restrictions: No unsupervised activation may be allowed. Activation of this installation shall be by an adult crossing guard acting for the school. Parking restrictions shall be established for a minimum distance of 100 ft. on the right approach and 50 ft. on the right exit.  
'''Guidance. '''The duration of the flashing yellow interval should be determined by engineering judgment.


'''Option.''' Time allotted to pedestrian indications for the school crossing can be greater than the normal pedestrian timing at a signalized intersection, but care must be taken to keep the timing reasonable so as to not restrict the flow of vehicular traffic. It is likely the school cannot cross all pedestrians in one cycle, and additional cycles will be needed in order to service all pedestrians.
The duration of the flashing yellow interval should not vary on a cycle-by-cycle basis.


==902.11.3 School Signal at Entrance==
If the pedestrian hybrid beacon is coordinated as a part of a signal system, it should remain in the dark condition after a pedestrian actuation has been received until the point in the background cycle when the predetermined duration of the flashing yellow interval needs to be initiated in order to achieve the appropriate coordinated offset.


The entrance is considered the place of direct entry to the school.  School signals shall only be installed at the entrance of the school where the only traffic using the entrance is for the school.
'''Option. '''If a minimum dark time between activations of the pedestrian hybrid beacon has been set on the controller, the pedestrian hybrid beacon may remain in the dark condition after a pedestrian actuation has been received until the minimum dark time has been provided.  


'''Standard.''' The school's entrance shall be a minimum of 1000 ft. from an existing signalized intersection. Mainline volume during the periods of proposed operation meets or exceeds [[902.3 Traffic Control Signal Needs Studies (MUTCD Chapter 4C)#902.3.3 Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume (MUTCD Section 4C.02)|EPG 902.3.3 Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume (MUTCD Section 4C.02)]], where applicable. At elementary and secondary schools, there is no side street volume requirement. At technical schools, colleges and universities, side street volume must exceed 50% of the side street volume for the same warrant used for the main line.  
'''Support. '''The minimum dark time is a preprogrammed time set in the controller that provides time between the pedestrian actuation and beginning of the flashing yellow interval. At locations in coordinated signal systems, the dark time can be variable based on when the pedestrian actuation occurs in the coordinated signal timing sequence.  


Geometric improvements, primarily left turn bays on the main line, shall be considered where there is a significant volume of vehicles in addition to school buses.  
'''Standard. '''The duration of the steady yellow change interval shall be determined using engineering practices in accordance with the provisions in [[--|Section 4F.17]].


At the entrance of the school where traffic signals are being installed, advance beacons with applicable advanced warning signing shall be installed. Advance beacons shall operate during the same time frame as the school signal, including any special operation of the signal for school events. The signal shall be fully actuated.  
'''Guidance. '''A steady yellow change interval should have a minimum duration of 3 seconds and a maximum duration of 6 seconds (see  [[--|Section 4F.17]]). The longer intervals should be reserved for use on approaches with higher speeds.


Signal and advance beacon equipment shall conform to the latest standards and specifications of MoDOT as found in [[media:902.11.3.docx|Parts List and Specifications]] and [[media:902.11 Advance Flasher Figures.doc|Fig. 902.11]].  
'''Option. '''A steady red clearance interval may be used after the steady yellow change interval.  


An agreement with either the school district or municipality will be required for the installation of school signals under these guidelines.  
The alternating flashing CIRCULAR RED signal indications may continue to flash for a short period after the pedestrian change interval has terminated to provide a buffer interval for pedestrians.  


The Commission will provide 50 percent of the cost of the design and installation of permanent traffic signals. The Commission will NOT participate in the cost of geometric improvements. Advance flashers and all power costs will be paid for by the school district. The Commission will provide all costs for maintenance, except power, after the installation.  
'''Guidance. '''A pedestrian hybrid beacon that is located 200 feet or less from an active grade crossing should be preempted in accordance with the applicable provisions in  Sections [[--|4F.19]] and [[--|8D.09]].


'''Option.''' If the school district is not willing to wait for geometric improvements and permanent signals to be installed by the Commission, according to their time line, then the school district may provide 100 percent of the cost. 
'''Standard. '''If a pedestrian hybrid beacon is placed into a flashing mode by a conflict monitor (malfunction management unit) or by a manual switch, the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall display flashing CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indications to each approach of the major street and the pedestrian signal heads shall revert to a dark (not illuminated) condition.
 
'''Support.''' The following standard contracts are available:
 
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR19 - Contract for School Signal (District) ]]
 
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR20 - Contract for School Signal (In Municipalities)]]
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR21 -Contract for School Signal (Outside Municipalities)]]
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR27 - Contract for School Signal With School Crossing Signal (District)]]
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR28 - Contract for School Signal With School Crossing Signal (In Municipalities)]]
:* [[153.21 Traffic|TR29 - Contract for School Signal With School Crossing Signal (Outside Municipalities)]]
See [[902.17 Execution of Contracts for Signal or Flasher Installation|EPG 902.17 Execution of Contracts for Signal or Flasher Installation]] for additional information on execution of contracts.
 
'''Standard.''' The times of operation shall be set by agreement with the school district. There will also be a special events button for the school district that will bring the signal out of flash for a set amount of time. MoDOT shall be responsible for programming the operating times.
 
For elementary and secondary schools, the operation will normally be during those periods of greatest focused activity. This will usually consist of three time frames on a normal school day: morning entering traffic, noon traffic if applicable, and the afternoon dismissal period. The signal shall operate during any of these time frames a minimum of 15 minutes.
 
At entrances to colleges or universities, the volumes of traffic are not as focused and are spread over a greater part of the day. In order to avoid the situation of the traffic signals going on and off frequently during the day, the hours of operation shall be determined by those hours when the mainline volume meets or exceeds Warrant I or reduced Warrant I, where applicable, and the side street volume meets or exceeds 50% of the corresponding warrant amounts.
 
When the signal is not programmed to operate in color, the signal will be in flashing operation, including when school is not in session.
 
'''Option.''' If engineering judgment indicates the signal might effectively operate for additional hours than originally agreed upon, such operation may be allowed.
 
 
 
 
[[Category:902 Signals|902.11]]

Revision as of 04:11, 11 August 2025


902.10.1 Application of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4J.01)

Support. A pedestrian hybrid beacon is a special type of hybrid beacon used to warn and control traffic at an unsignalized location to assist pedestrians in crossing a street or highway at a marked crosswalk.

Option. A pedestrian hybrid beacon may be considered for installation to facilitate pedestrian crossings at a location that does not meet traffic signal warrants (see Chapter 4C), or at a location that meets traffic signal warrants under Sections 4C.05 and/or 4C.06 but a decision is made to not install a traffic control signal.

Standard. If used, pedestrian hybrid beacons shall be used in conjunction with signs and pavement markings (see EPG 902.10.2) to warn and control traffic at locations where pedestrians enter or cross a street or highway. A pedestrian hybrid beacon shall only be installed at a marked crosswalk.

Guidance. If one of the signal warrants of Chapter 4C is met and a traffic control signal is justified by an engineering study, and if a decision is made to install a traffic control signal, it should be installed based upon the provisions of Chapters 4D through 902.9 and 902.11.

If a traffic control signal is not justified under the signal warrants of Chapter 4C and if gaps in traffic are not adequate to permit pedestrians to cross, or if the speed for vehicles approaching on the major street is too high to permit pedestrians to cross, or if pedestrian delay is excessive, the need for a pedestrian hybrid beacon should be considered on the basis of an engineering study that considers major-street volumes, speeds, widths, and gaps in conjunction with pedestrian volumes, walking speeds, and delay.

For a major street where the posted or statutory speed limit or the 85th-percentile speed is 35 mph or less, the need for a pedestrian hybrid beacon should be considered if the engineering study finds that the plotted point representing the vehicles per hour on the major street (total of both approaches) and the corresponding total of all pedestrians crossing the major street for 1 hour (any four consecutive 15-minute periods) of an average day falls above the applicable curve in Figure 4J-1 for the length of the crosswalk.

For a major street where the posted or statutory speed limit or the 85th-percentile speed exceeds 35 mph, the need for a pedestrian hybrid beacon should be considered if the engineering study finds that the plotted point representing the vehicles per hour on the major street (total of both approaches) and the corresponding total of all pedestrians crossing the major street for 1 hour (any four consecutive 15-minute periods) of an average day falls above the applicable curve in Figure 4J-2 for the length of the crosswalk.

For crosswalks that have lengths other than the four that are specifically shown in Figures 4J-1 and 4J-2, the values should be interpolated between the curves.

Option. The criteria for the pedestrian volume crossing the major street shown in Figures 4J-1 and 4J-2 may be reduced as much as 50 percent if the 15th-percentile crossing speed of pedestrians is less than 3.5 feet per second.

Where there is a divided street having a median of sufficient width for pedestrians to wait, the criteria for the major-street traffic volume shown in Figures 4J-1 and 4J-2 may be applied separately to each direction of vehicular traffic. Satisfaction of the criteria for one direction of traffic allows for installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon for the entire crossing.

Standard. If a pedestrian hybrid beacon is considered for a location that does not meet the criterion listed in this article, an engineering study shall be submitted and approved by the State Traffic Engineer prior to installation.

902.10.2 Design of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4J.02)

Standard. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, a pedestrian hybrid beacon shall meet the provisions of Chapters 4D through 4G, 902.9, and 902.10.

A pedestrian hybrid beacon face shall consist of three signal sections, with a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication centered below two horizontally-aligned CIRCULAR RED signal indications (see Figure 4J-3) .

When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then:

A. At least two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall be installed for each approach of the major street;
B. A stop line shall be installed for each approach to the crosswalk;
C. A pedestrian signal head complying with the provisions set forth in EPG 902.9 shall be installed at each end of the marked crosswalk;
D. The pedestrian hybrid beacon shall be pedestrian actuated; and
E. If the pedestrian hybrid beacon is installed at or immediately adjacent to an intersection with a minor street, a STOP sign shall be installed for each minor-street approach.

Guidance. When an engineering study finds that installation of a pedestrian hybrid beacon is justified, then:

A. Parking and other sight obstructions should be prohibited for at least 100 feet in advance of and at least 20 feet beyond the marked crosswalk, or site accommodations should be made through curb extensions or other techniques to provide adequate sight distance; and
B. If installed within a signal system, the pedestrian hybrid beacon should be coordinated.

On approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds in excess of 35 mph and on approaches having traffic or operating conditions that would tend to obscure visibility of roadside hybrid beacon face locations, both of the minimum of two pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway.

On multi-lane approaches having posted or statutory speed limits or 85th-percentile speeds of 35 mph or less, either a pedestrian hybrid beacon face should be installed on each side of the approach (if a median of sufficient width exists) or at least one of the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces should be installed over the roadway.

A pedestrian hybrid beacon should comply with the signal face location provisions described in Sections 4D.05 through 4D.10.

Standard. A CROSSWALK—STOP ON RED (symbolic circular red) (R10-23) or a STOP ON RED—YIELD ON FLASHING RED AFTER STOP (R10-23a) sign (see Section 2B.59) shall be mounted adjacent to a pedestrian hybrid beacon face on each major street approach. If an overhead pedestrian hybrid beacon face is provided, the sign shall be mounted adjacent to the overhead signal face.

Option. A W11-2 (Pedestrian), S1-1 (School), or W11-15 (Trail) crossing warning sign with an AHEAD (W16-9P) supplemental plaque may be placed in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon. A Warning Beacon may be installed to supplement the W11-2, S1-1, or W11-15 sign.

Standard. Backplates (see Section 4D.06) shall be used with pedestrian hybrid beacons.

Support. Accessible pedestrian signals (see EPG 902.11) where a pedestrian hybrid beacon is used provide information in non-visual formats (such as audible tones and/or speech messages, and vibrating surfaces) so that a pedestrian with vision disabilities can know when to cross the street.

Guidance. If a Warning Beacon supplements a W11-2 sign in advance of a pedestrian hybrid beacon, it should be programmed to flash only when the pedestrian hybrid beacon is not in the dark mode.

Standard. If a Warning Beacon is installed to supplement the W11-2 sign, the design and location of the Warning Beacon shall comply with the provisions of EPG 902.18.1 and 902.18.3.

Bicycle signal faces (see Chapter 4H) shall not be used at a pedestrian hybrid beacon.

902.10.3 Operation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (MUTCD Section 4J.03)

Standard. Pedestrian hybrid beacon indications shall be dark (not illuminated) during periods between actuations.

Following an actuation by a pedestrian, a pedestrian hybrid beacon face shall display a flashing CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication, followed by a steady CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication, followed by both steady CIRCULAR RED signal indications during the pedestrian walk interval, followed by alternating flashing CIRCULAR RED signal indications during the pedestrian change interval (see Figure 4J-3 ). Upon termination of the pedestrian change interval, the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall revert to a dark (not illuminated) condition.

Except as provided in the fourth paragraph of this Article, the pedestrian signal heads shall continue to display a steady UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are either dark or displaying flashing or steady CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indications. The pedestrian signal heads shall display a WALKING PERSON (symbolizing WALK) signal indication when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are displaying steady CIRCULAR RED signal indications. The pedestrian signal heads shall display a flashing UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are displaying alternating flashing CIRCULAR RED signal indications. Upon termination of the pedestrian change interval, the pedestrian signal heads shall revert to a steady UPRAISED HAND (symbolizing DONT WALK) signal indication.

Option. Where the pedestrian hybrid beacon is installed adjacent to a roundabout to facilitate crossings by pedestrians with vision disabilities and an engineering study determines that pedestrians without vision disabilities can be allowed to cross the roadway without actuating the pedestrian hybrid beacon, the pedestrian signal heads may be dark (not illuminated) when the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces are dark.

Guidance. The duration of the flashing yellow interval should be determined by engineering judgment.

The duration of the flashing yellow interval should not vary on a cycle-by-cycle basis.

If the pedestrian hybrid beacon is coordinated as a part of a signal system, it should remain in the dark condition after a pedestrian actuation has been received until the point in the background cycle when the predetermined duration of the flashing yellow interval needs to be initiated in order to achieve the appropriate coordinated offset.

Option. If a minimum dark time between activations of the pedestrian hybrid beacon has been set on the controller, the pedestrian hybrid beacon may remain in the dark condition after a pedestrian actuation has been received until the minimum dark time has been provided.

Support. The minimum dark time is a preprogrammed time set in the controller that provides time between the pedestrian actuation and beginning of the flashing yellow interval. At locations in coordinated signal systems, the dark time can be variable based on when the pedestrian actuation occurs in the coordinated signal timing sequence.

Standard. The duration of the steady yellow change interval shall be determined using engineering practices in accordance with the provisions in Section 4F.17.

Guidance. A steady yellow change interval should have a minimum duration of 3 seconds and a maximum duration of 6 seconds (see Section 4F.17). The longer intervals should be reserved for use on approaches with higher speeds.

Option. A steady red clearance interval may be used after the steady yellow change interval.

The alternating flashing CIRCULAR RED signal indications may continue to flash for a short period after the pedestrian change interval has terminated to provide a buffer interval for pedestrians.

Guidance. A pedestrian hybrid beacon that is located 200 feet or less from an active grade crossing should be preempted in accordance with the applicable provisions in Sections 4F.19 and 8D.09.

Standard. If a pedestrian hybrid beacon is placed into a flashing mode by a conflict monitor (malfunction management unit) or by a manual switch, the pedestrian hybrid beacon faces shall display flashing CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indications to each approach of the major street and the pedestrian signal heads shall revert to a dark (not illuminated) condition.

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