902.1 General (MUTCD Chapter 4A)
902.1.1 Types (MUTCD Section 4A. 01)
Support. Traffic signals are electrically powered traffic control devices that warn or direct vehicular and pedestrian traffic to take some specific action. Traffic signals provide for the orderly assignment of right of way to conflicting traffic movements at intersections. The following types and uses of highway traffic signals are discussed in EPG 902:
- traffic control signals
- lillypads
- pedestrian signals
- hybrid beacons
- emergency-vehicle signals
- traffic control signals for one-lane, two-way facilities
- traffic control signals for freeway entrance ramps
- flashing beacons
- lane-use control signals and
- in-roadway lights.
Other highway traffic signals not currently used in Missouri are: traffic control signals for movable bridges and toll plaza traffic signals.
Traffic signals are not a complete solution for traffic problems. Traffic signals can sometime create additional congestion and cause additional delay to vehicles if improperly designed, installed, or maintained. Correctly designed and operated traffic signals installed at warranted locations will provide for the orderly movement of traffic, increase the intersection capacity, and in some instances, tend to reduce accidents. Coordinating and phasing and timing signals are very important.
Traffic signals are listed on the Statewide Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) in the description of the type of improvement if there is a probability of future signal control. If signals cannot be justified, they are to be eliminated from the program at the earliest possible date.
This article provides the basis for installation of traffic signals, discusses basic types of signal control equipment and hardware, their characteristics, uses, applications, operations and maintenance. The policies, standards and guidelines set forth herein are in substantial conformance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices most recent edition and the subsequent rulings on requests for interpretations, changes, and experimentation, herein referred to as the MUTCD. Clarification, elaboration, or the elimination of options of the individual items, is contained herein so that conformity of application will be promoted in Missouri.
902.1.1.1 Nonstandard Structures
If any lighting installation being considered will use a special or nonstandard structure or with dimensions exceeding those shown in the standard plans, Traffic and Bridge are to be consulted early in the project planning regarding the installation’s feasibility and necessary contract provisions. Examples of this situation are high mast lighting and exceeding lengths on the standard plans.
Since designing details for nonstandard installations is typically performed by an outside engineer employed by the contractor or producer and is certified to MoDOT, the project contract documents must include appropriate requirements about the design standards used. Since structures beyond MoDOT's standard designs are involved, a performance-based specification of the design signed and sealed by a Missouri Registered Professional Engineer is needed from the contractor. Certification to the current AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals including the latest fatigue provisions is required.
902.1.2 Definitions Relating to Highway Traffic Signals (MUTCD Section 4A.02)
Support. Definitions and acronyms pertaining to EPG 902 are provided in EPG 902.18 Glossary.
